Inflammation is a cornerstone in the transition from RDS to BPD (Bhandari, 2014); its causes include hyperoxia and mechanical stress from ventilation, but proteases such as neutrophil elastase (NE) have also been shown to play crucial roles in the induction of IL-1α and TNFβ (Bhandari, 2014). The gene discussed is ELANE; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.