In this stage, the CKD-EPI creatinine-based formula incorrectly classified 27% of the patients (false positive cases); the CKD-EPI cystatin-C-based equation correctly classified 59% of the individuals (true positive) and the CKD-EPI creatinine and cystatin-C-based algorithm misclassified 47 of the subjects in a higher or lower stage of CKD (missing cases) (Supplementary Figure S2). The gene discussed is CST3; the disease is chronic kidney disease.