In addition, dietary supplementation with pyruvate was found to improve spatial memory impairments and brain energy metabolism in males of the same APP/PS1 mouse line as used here (Koivisto et al., 2016), as well as in male and female 3xTg-AD mice, while also reducing oxidative stress, albeit without effects on Aβ and tau pathology (Isopi et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.