The unanticipated negative correlations between the MRS and baseline insulin resistance or future T2D in our data have important implications for interpreting our results: historically, excess weight (or BMI) has been used as a proxy for metabolic dysfunction associated with disease outcomes, under the assumption that higher weight gain is associated with higher risk of developing diseases; however, part of our MRS actually captures a “healthy” component of weight gain with respect to diabetes risk and identified weight-gainers who had more robust insulin secretion. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.