TLR2 and cancer: Furthermore, TLR2 silencing enhanced the activation of YAP(the rational of ratio of phosphorylation YAP to total YAP increased) in HMGB1 stimulated CD133− cancer cells (Fig. 4f, Figs. S3B and S4), suggesting that YAP is downstream of HMGB1-TLR2 signaling to induce CD133− cancer cells dedifferentiation.