A 6-h infection at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 in THP-1s gave a level of IFN-I production comparable with that of an 18-h infection at an MOI of 1 in primary monocytes (Fig. 1, A and B), and these infection regimes led to maximal TNFα production (Fig. 1, C and D). Here, TNF is linked to infection.