In addition, Ching et al., in a survey of 76 SLE patients found that 42% demonstrated significant titers of autoantibodies to one or more of the type 1 IFNs and furthermore, that sera from patients with clinically quiescent disease demonstrated higher levels of anti- IFNα autoantibodies [19] and hypothesized that AAbs to type 1 IFNs may therefore play a role in modulating severity of disease. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.