TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Normal peripheral blood leukocytes exposed to plasma samples of methylprednisolone-treated patients showed enhanced GR-mediated activity and suppression in NF-κB DNA-binding and transcription of TNFα and IL-1β, supporting the hypothesis of inadequacy of endogenous glucocorticoid-mediated control of inflammation and systemic inflammation-induced peripheral glucocorticoid resistance in ARDS [94].