When compared to NB, patients with CA had higher sympathetic activation (as demonstrated by increased plasmatic norepinephrine levels), greater NT-proBNP levels and increased indexes of hemodynamic overload in each HF subgroups (i.e., higher LA volume and worse diastolic function in HFrEF, increased LA volume in HFmrEF and worse diastolic function in HFpEF). Here, NPPB is linked to hydrops fetalis.