TAAR1 and cystic fibrosis: Indeed, we have already shown that Tα1 can rescue IDO1 expression, tissue architecture, barrier function and cytokine balance in the small intestine of a murine model of cystic fibrosis, with a predominantly intestinal phenotype (101), and we have extended these results to show that Tα1 is also protective in other models of intestinal damage (M. M. B., personal communication).