TAAR1 and neoplasm: All in all, pre-clinical and clinical experience with Tα1 in melanoma suggest that at least three possible mechanisms may be brought into play to explain the beneficial activity of Tα1: first, a direct effect on tumor cells; second, an immune priming for the activity of chemo- and immunotherapies; third, immune maintenance for long-term protection, each function likely favored by the pattern of bioactive Tα1, immune and tumor status, and concomitant or previous therapies.