PTEN and central nervous system cancer: Additionally, treatment of glioma cells with umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells caused inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated angiogenesis (92), upregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in glioma cells, and down-modulation of Akt and PI3K signaling pathway molecules in the nude mice tumors, resulting in the inhibition of migration as well as wound healing characteristics of the glioma cells (93).