GSTM1 and kidney failure: Some smaller case–control studies also tested a recessive genetic model (0 copies vs. 1 or 2 copies) of GSTM1 and found that GSTM1 0 copy was associated with kidney failure in several case–control studies (Agrawal et al., 2007; Chang et al., 2013; Gutierrez-Amavizca et al., 2013; Suvakov et al., 2013).