AKT1 and Insulin resistance: The main findings of this study were as follows: 1) MFA reduced the enzymatic capacity for gluconeogenesis and increased glycogen synthesis in alcohol-induced rats, 2) MFA reduced the enzymatic capacity for gluconeogenesis and increased glycogen synthesis in ethanol-induced L-02 cells, and 3) our in vivo and in vitro studies showed for the first time that MFA attenuated ethanol-induced hepatic insulin resistance at least partially by enhancing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.