In PD patients who scored 18 or more points the average serum MANF level was 14.7 ± 12.8 ng/ml (n = 10), while in patients scoring 2–17 points the average MANF concentration was 7.1 ± 4.2 ng/ml (n = 21, P = 0.031; Figure 1C). The gene discussed is MANF; the disease is Parkinson disease.