Cytokines and chemokines derived from tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), such as CSF-1, CXCL12/SDF1, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES, and VEGF, recruit mononuclear cells into the tumor microenvironment and activate them to become TAMs or MDSCs [84,88]. The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is neoplasm.