TGFB1 and cancer: The immunological profile of cancer-related chronic inflammation thus includes both inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TGFβ, IL-10, and TNF [91], and their effects primarily induce the activation and maintenance of the JAK2/STAT3, RAS/MAPKs, NF-κB, Wnt, and PI3K/Akt pathways [93,94,95,96,97].