In this regard, many open clinical trials for targeting autophagy-dependent cancers are using RAS/MAPK mutation or activation as a biomarker for autophagy dependency, and these findings suggest avoiding the use of CQ or HCQ as single agents, or using them along with a NF-κB inhibitor or inhibitors of malignancy-associated signaling pathways that could be activated by the inhibition of autophagy, even in cancers where the best outcomes are expected. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.