VEGFA and neoplasm: In the surgery group (1/4 tumor resection), the levels were as follows: VEGF: 102.9 ± 10.5 pg/ml, TGF-beta1: 75.7 ± 14.5 pg/ml, and IL-10: 36.0 ± 3.7 pg/ml; in contrast in control group, VEGF: 52.9 ± 5.3 pg/ml, TGF-beta1: 31.5 ± 12.2 pg/ml, and IL-10: 15.4 ± 3.8 pg/ml (Figure 4B).