On the other hand, the classical PKC pathway has been implicated in Bcl-x AS in non-transformed cells (HEK293 cells), where PKC inhibitors were shown to increase the expression of Bcl-xS; such changes in the Bcl-x splicing ratio were not observed when cancer cells were treated with PKC inhibitors (Revil et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene BCL2L1 and cancer.