TNF and infection: In line, ileal IL-6 and MCP-1 as well as IFN-γ levels were elevated upon C. jejuni infection of mice from the placebo (p < 0.05–0.01), but not from the 25-OH-cholecalciferol cohort (Figures 6A,B,D), whereas like in the colon, ileal TNF concentrations were comparably elevated at day 6 post-infection of either cohort (p < 0.001; Figure 6C).