TNF and tuberculosis: In a small study, the abundance of polyfunctional M72-specific CD4+ T cells expressing CD40L+ TNF-α+ IFN-γ+, CD40L+ IL-2+ TNF-α+ IFN-γ+, or CD40L+ IFN-γ+ profiles was higher in the TB-treatment (adults receiving treatment for TB disease who have completed the intensive phase of treatment) and TB-treated (adults with previous history of successfully treated pulmonary TB disease groups) vs. the TB-naïve (adults who never had TB) group (16).