IFNG and cancer: In addition, IFNγ induces immunoregulatory functions in cancer cells such as cytokine production, antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) (9), expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (10) and ligands for receptors of immune checkpoints such as programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) (11).