Amongst members of the macrophage lineage, GM-CSF initiates cardiac disease in resident mouse tissue macrophages (40) while in contrast only CCR2+ Ly6C+ monocytes require GM-CSF to lead to a pathogenic signature for EAE progression characterized by the induction of genes linked to inflammasome function, phagocytosis and chemotaxis, i.e., they become pathogenic DCs (76). Here, CSF2 is linked to heart disorder.