In chronic inflammation and autoimmunity myeloid populations, for example, monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils, the cell populations which are potentially responsive to GM-CSF, are likely candidates to be regulating tissue damage and inflammation, being capable of releasing mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, proteases and reactive oxygen species, as part of this response (5, 12, 26, 76, 77) (Figure 1). Here, CSF2 is linked to Autoimmunity.