TLR4 and myocarditis: In this study we found that exposure to BPA in drinking water elevated proinflammatory cytokines/ receptors in the heart of female mice during CVB3 myocarditis that would typically be elevated in male mice or men with mycarditis such as TLR4, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-17A, and IFNγ (44, 46, 63).