TRAF3 and swine influenza: Treatment with three Ephedrine alkaloids significantly decreased mRNA expression of TLR3, TRAF3, IRF3, TLR4, TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6 and NF-κB p65 compared with the control infected group, showing that LMEP, LEP or DPEP played a role in anti-H1N1 influenza through multiple targets and pathways to regulate mRNA expression of related genes in the TLR signaling pathway.