In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages RAW264.7 and in mice with LPS-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI), 5 and 10 μg/ml AIF significantly increased the production of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (Li et al., 2018). Here, HMOX1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.