Indeed, co-labeling with Iba1 (Figure 4A, right) revealed that the number of microglia cells positive for IL-1β was significantly higher compared to control (AD: 3.5 ± 0.4, n = 31/5 fields/patients; CTRL: 2.2 ± 0.4, n = 29/5 fields/controls; p < 0.05; Figure 4B; average number of Iba1/IL-1β + cells for each FOV), with almost all microglia cells expressing IL-1β in AD. Here, AIF1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.