By contrast, S1R deficiency exacerbates progression of neurological disorders (Mavlyutov et al., 2011, 2013; Ha et al., 2012; Francardo et al., 2014; Miki et al., 2015; Maurice et al., 2018) as well as symptoms commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, TMBIM4 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.