In our previous work, we also found that the expression of PPA1 in the 12 tumor types (contained lymphadenoma, thyroid cancer, brain tumors, breast cancer, soft tissue tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, and stomach cancer) is different and is significantly higher in lung and ovarian cancer, and its expression in lung cancer was correlated with age, smoking status, and tumor size19. Here, PPA1 is linked to neoplasm.