CCL4 and infection: Thus, on day 3 after infection, we observed high levels of proinflammatory chemokines (e.g., macrophage inflammatory proteins–1α [MIP-1α], MIP-1β, IL-8, IP-10), IFNs, markers of endothelial dysfunction (E-selectin, Pecam-1), and coagulation markers (e.g., D-dimers) in mice that died from either EBOV or RESTV infection (Figure 3A).