A role of CD38 in the pathophysiology is postulated due to its high expression on a variety of hematological malignancies [43] including multiple myeloma [42,44], B- and T- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [45,46], Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [47], Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [48] and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) [49,50]. Here, CD38 is linked to AL amyloidosis.