PML and acute promyelocytic leukemia: In the setting of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), Grimwade et al. used RT-PCR to detect leukemia-specific transcripts (e.g., PML–RARA, RARA–PML) in almost 7000 serial blood and marrow samples from 406 patients with newly diagnosed disease who were receiving all-trans-retinoic acid and anthracycline-based chemotherapy [24].