Western blotting result showed that PTSD-like induction did not alter the level of phosphorylated-CaMKII, total CaMKII and total ERK1/2 (Figure 3H–3J, 3K and 3M), but extremely decreased the expression of phosphorylated-ERK1/2 when compared to control (Figure 3K and 3L), indicating that SPS downregulates ERK1/2 activity. Here, MAPK3 is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.