A substantial decrease in IL-6, IL-9, IL-12p40/p70, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, CCL5, SCF, TNF-α, TPO, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was observed across days 4 through 7 of NTHi infection (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and infection.