AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, Li et al. showed that CAFs isolated from HCC tumor tissues express α-SMA, FAP, and vimentin but do not express CD31 or CD68 by IF [43]; based on by IF and flow cytometry, Lau et al. found that HCC-associated fibroblasts express α-SMA and FAP but do not express CD31, AFP, or pancytokeratin [48].