Irradiation and chemotherapy can stimulate T-cell activity by up-regulating DAMPs on tumor cells, making them more “visible” to the adaptive immune system.36,37 In a previous mouse melanoma model, combining anti-CD47 with irradiation enhanced tumor shrinkage and survival in an immune intact system, but macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells was not studied.31 As mentioned above, DAMPs also include pro-phagocytic signals, which make tumor cells more “visible” to macrophages, which is why we suspect the macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells was enhanced by the combinations. The gene discussed is CD47; the disease is melanoma.