In a context-dependent manner, TGFβ1/2 and BMP4/7 related cascades can cooperatively induce tumor cell dormancy via activating both canonical SMAD-regulated and non-canonical p38 MAPK-regulated gene expression patterns, but also through up-regulating cyclin dependent kinases inhibitors p21 and p27, and blocking ERK. Here, BMP4 is linked to neoplasm.