VMP1 and carcinoma: Moreover, although the increase of p62 in carcinoma cell has been established [40], it is possible hypothesize that the large number of p62 structures induced by inhibition of autophagy in our model is due to that p62 colocalize upstream autophagy factors such as ULK1 and VMP1 in the autophagosome formation sites; as it has proposed Itakura and Mizushima [41].