TNF and neoplasm: Recently, a new CAR T cell platform was developed using the expression of the toll receptor-like adaptor molecule, MYD88, and the tumor-necrosis factor family member CD40, tethered to the CAR molecule through a 2A linker system, providing a constitutive signal that drives CAR T proliferative, survival and anti-tumor signals to CD19+ and CD123+ hematological cancers [159].