E2F1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Although the exact role of the E2F1–pRb pathway has not yet been elucidated in BPH, a previous study reported that loss of Rb, which is correlated with its phosphorylation, was observed in patients with BPH and early-stage prostatic tumorigenesis, suggesting that the E2F1/pRb signaling pathway is one of the underlying molecular mechanisms of prostatic diseases [14].