In contrast, treatment of BPH-1 cells with 6SL (12.5, 25, and 50 μM) for 24 h significantly suppressed the expression of AR and PSA, showing nonspecific cytotoxicity and the specific inhibitory effects of 6SL on BPH-related key markers (Figure 4B, Supplementary Data 4B). Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.