ITGAE and cancer: Finally, in ex vivo studies, consistent with the previously demonstrated role of PG2 in the modulation of the functional status and polarization of T cells in mice with polymicrobial sepsis [33], we demonstrated, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, that PG2 modulates the CD80+ M1/CD206+ M2 macrophage pool and increases the population of functional CD80+CD103+CD86+ mDCs derived from PBMCs of patients with different cancer types (Figure 6).