The long island breast cancer study revealed that the genetic polymorphisms which account for an increased diabetes risk are involved in enhanced mortality and risk of developing breast cancer; for example, SLC30A8 (a zinc transporter insulin-related secretion gene), CDKN2A-CDKN2B (cell cycle related genes), IGFBP2 and IRS2 (Insulin pathway related genes). This evidence concerns the gene INS and breast carcinoma.