TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Although previous study reported that splenic and thymic CD11c+CD11b+ DCs from symptomatic BWF1 express CXCL13 mRNA [48], and blood and bone marrow (BM)-derived CD11c+ DCs also increase CXCL13 mRNA expression when stimulated by the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα [32], how DCs response to TLR stimulation in terms of CXCL13 production has not been evaluated in SLE.