TNF and ischemia: In the ND 2-min TI group, IL-1β and TNF-α immunoreactivity in CA1 pyramidal cells was significantly increased (about 133%, p < 0.05, and 131%, p < 0.05 of the ND sham group, respectively) at 2 days post-ischemia (Figure 7A-a4,7B-b4,C,D), and the increased IL-1β and TNF-α immunoreactivity was not changed until 5 days post-ischemia (Figure 7A-a7,7B-b7,C,D).