NFKB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For instance, data from studies on the gender disparity in HCC have unveiled that when estrogens are bound to ERs in the Kupffer cells, they reduce the activity of key pro-inflammatory nuclear factors such as NF-κB, STAT-3, CEBP-β, and the myeloid differentiation primary response protein-88 (MyD88), all of which are promoters of the synthesis and release of IL-6 and IL-1β.