TNF and neoplasm: No evidence of a cytokine storm (lack of IL-6 or IFNγ) or signals of an allergic response (IL-4) were detected, while elevated immunological pathway activation gene signatures, tumour and serum TNFα elevation and enhanced macrophage infiltration into tumours, thought to be associated with anti-tumoral efficacy, were associated with IgE treatment (Figure 13) [191].