For example, in the early (acute) phase of stroke, NVU dysfunction is characterized by disruption of BBB integrity/BBB breakdown (disassembly of TJ complex, decreases in the TJ proteins claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1) that leads to vasogenic brain edema, a life-threatening acute stroke complication (Bauer et al., 2010; Zehendner et al., 2011; Sladojevic et al., 2014). Here, TJP1 is linked to stroke disorder.