The results showed that there was no significant difference in the transcript levels of CLIPB9 between mosquitoes at 36 h post infection with WT, milR1-KO, and milR1-OV (Fig. 5b; Supplementary Fig. 10a), indicating that bba-milR1 does not interact with CLIPB9 during the early stages of infection when fungus penetrating the mosquito integument. This evidence concerns the gene MILR1 and infection.