Dysregulation in UBE2L3, IL-6, STAT4, TYK2, TNFAIP3 and PTPN2 were found in both relapse and remission individuals, have been previously associated with JIA.22 23 We examined through Cytoscape and Reactome database for the gene associations involved in the five pathways (figure 5A–E): (1) TCR activation, (2) apoptosis, (3) TNFα, (4) nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and (5) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, and found a considerable overlap between relapse and remission individuals. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is juvenile idiopathic arthritis.