SDC1 and malignant glioma: Despite the fact that syndecan-1 reduction has been reported during malignant transformation in several cancers, some malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, malignant glioma, and pancreatic cancer show increased CD138 expression.10, 11, 12, 13 This evidence exhibits contradictory functions of syndecan-1 in the pathobiology of different tumors.