Using a fibrosis RT-PCR array in myocardial tissue of CKD patients on dialysis, AGT, TGFβ receptor/Smad complexes, TGFB and CTGF were significantly enhanced compared to controls, accompanied with more pronounced interstitial collagen fiber deposition, whereas in NRCF stimulated with FGF23 show no alteration of, Agt, Tgfb and Ctgf. However, FGF23 induced TGFβ receptor/Smad complexes, collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix remodeling factors in vitro [31]. Here, FGF23 is linked to fibrosis.