MMP9 and cancer: These complex signaling lead to induce cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis via upregulation of antiapoptotic (Survivin, XIAP, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, and cFLIP), proliferative (cyclin D and cyclin B1), invasive (MMP-9, MT1-MMP, uPA, and uPAR), and angiogenic (VEGF, and COX-2) proteins by activating NF-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathway [11,12].